In the Literature

Findings from a longitudinal study of impaired cognitive functioning and cerebral white matter integrity in women who receive chemotherapy for breast cancer suggest that chemotherapy-induced structural changes in the brain are correlated with impaired cognitive functioning (Deprez S, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:274-281).

In an attempt to eliminate insurance coverage status as a barrier to clinical trial enrollment, the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) requires that by January 2014, all payers in all states must cover routine medical costs associated with patient participation in approved clinical trials.

Two phase 3 international clinical studies show that initiating therapy with bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy extends progression-free survival (PFS) in women with advanced ovarian cancer, and women at high risk for disease progression may live longer with the addition of bevacizumab to standard therapy (Burger RA, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2473-2483; Perren TJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2484-2496).

he addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab and docetaxel as first-line therapy for women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer significantly prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) compared with the use of the 2 agents without pertuzumab, according to results of a new phase 3 clinical trial (Baselga J, et al. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:101-119).

Azacitidine is the current standard of care for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but many patients experience treatment failure. No study has previously analyzed patient outcomes of those who fail azacitidine therapy. This new analysis combined data from 4 international clinical trials to describe patient outcomes after failing azacitidine treatment (Prébet T, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:3322-3327).

The second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and nilotinib produce optimal cytogenetic response after 3 months of treatment in themajority of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase, a much faster rate than the 12 to 18 months for the peaked response reported with imatinib (Jabbour E, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4260-4266).

A phase 3 study comparing the efficacy and safety of rituximab alone and in combination with bortezomib in patients with relapsed grade 1 or 2 follicular lymphoma who were rituximab- naive or rituximab-sensitive showed extended PFS with the drug combination comparedwith rituximab alone (Coiffier B, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:773-784).

This is the first phase 3 clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of 2 second- generation antiangiogenic agents —axitinib and sorafenib—for meta - static renal-cell cancer, showing great promise for the investigational drug axitinib (Rini BI, et al. Lancet. 2011;378: 1931-1939).

The concurrent use of chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) confers a greater survival benefit in patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than a sequential use of these therapies, based on results from a phase 3 clinical study (Curran WJ, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103: 1452-1460).